Cusco Main Square

The Cusco Main Square, known locally as the Plaza de Armas, is more than just a central point in a historic city. It is a place where ancient traditions and modern life blend seamlessly, where travelers gather to begin their journeys, and where locals come to celebrate, protest, or simply sit in the sun. If you are planning to visit Cusco, this square will likely be one of your first stops—and perhaps the one you return to most often.

In this blog, you will learn everything about the Cusco Main Square: its history, architecture, surrounding attractions, best times to visit, and what makes it such a vibrant place full of cultural meaning.

What Is the Cusco Main Square?

The Cusco Main Square is the historical and cultural heart of the city. Located at approximately 3,400 meters (11,150 feet) above sea level, it is surrounded by colonial buildings, two iconic churches, and dozens of restaurants, shops, and cafes. Its rectangular layout reflects both Inca and Spanish influences, revealing centuries of transformation and cultural fusion.

Historically, this square was called “Huacaypata” in the Quechua language, meaning “the place of tears” or “the place of ceremonies.” It was once the most important civic and religious site in the Inca Empire.

Why Is the Cusco Main Square Important?

The square has served as the center of political, religious, and social life since Inca times. During the Inca Empire, it was used for royal ceremonies, large public gatherings, and religious rituals. Later, under Spanish rule, it was transformed into a colonial plaza with churches and administrative buildings.

Today, the Cusco Main Square continues to be a space where history is lived and remembered. It is the setting for national celebrations such as Inti Raymi, Corpus Christi, and Independence Day. It is also a hub for tourists who use the square as a starting point for exploring Cusco, the Sacred Valley, and Machu Picchu.

What Can You See in the Cusco Main Square?

1. The Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin

This imposing cathedral dominates the northeastern side of the square. Built on the foundation of the Inca palace of Viracocha, it took nearly 100 years to complete. Inside, you will find impressive Baroque and Renaissance altars, a carved cedar pulpit, and the famous Last Supper painting by Marcos Zapata, which features a guinea pig as the main dish.

2. The Church of the Society of Jesus (Iglesia de la Compañía de Jesús)

Located just across from the cathedral, this church is another architectural gem. Built by the Jesuits in the 16th century, it features a richly decorated façade and a stunning altar covered in gold leaf. The views from the bell tower are particularly beautiful at sunset.

3. Colonial Arcades and Balconies

The surrounding colonial buildings have beautiful arcades and wooden balconies, many of which now host cafes and shops. These balconies offer a perfect spot to enjoy a coffee while watching the movement in the square.

4. Fountains and Gardens

In the center of the square stands a bronze fountain topped with a statue of Pachacuti, the Inca emperor who transformed Cusco into a powerful empire. The square also features small gardens and benches, making it a peaceful place to rest and take in the scenery.

What Events Take Place in the Cusco Main Square?

The Cusco Main Square is a stage for major events throughout the year. Here are some of the most important:

• Inti Raymi (June 24th): A reenactment of the ancient Inca Festival of the Sun, with colorful processions and theatrical performances.

• Corpus Christi (June): A Catholic celebration that blends Spanish and Andean traditions, featuring religious statues paraded through the streets.

• Semana Santa (Holy Week): A week of processions and religious ceremonies that begins at the Main Square.

• Parades and Folk Dance Festivals: Various celebrations take place regularly, especially on weekends and national holidays.

What Activities Can You Do Around the Main Square?

Even if you are just passing through, the area around the Cusco Main Square offers a wide range of activities:

Enjoy Local Cuisine

Many restaurants around the square offer traditional Peruvian dishes such as alpaca steak, ají de gallina, and cuy chactado (fried guinea pig). You can also try pisco sour, the national cocktail.

Visit Art Galleries and Museums

Only a few steps from the square, you will find the Museo Inka, Museo de Arte Religioso, and several private galleries featuring Andean art.

Shop for Handicrafts

Several artisanal stores and markets near the square sell handmade goods, including alpaca wool sweaters, silver jewelry, and ceramic figurines.

Take a Walking Tour

Guided tours of historic Cusco usually start from the Main Square. These tours provide insight into the history of the city, the architecture of the churches, and hidden Inca sites.

When Is the Best Time to Visit the Cusco Main Square?

The best time to visit Cusco and its Main Square is during the dry season, which runs from May to September. During these months, the weather is sunny and the skies are clear, perfect for walking and sightseeing.

However, this is also the high season, so the square can become crowded. If you prefer a quieter experience, consider visiting in April or October, which are shoulder months with good weather and fewer tourists.

In the rainy season (November to March), the square becomes quieter. You will find fewer crowds and lower prices, but you must be prepared for rain showers and occasional storms.

How to Get to the Cusco Main Square

Most visitors arrive in Cusco by plane, landing at Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport, which is located about 15 minutes from the city center. From the airport, you can take a taxi or arrange private transport to your hotel.

If your accommodation is in the historic center, the Cusco Main Square is usually within walking distance. Many streets around the square are cobbled and narrow, so wear comfortable shoes.

Travel Tips for Visiting the Main Square

• Altitude: Cusco is located at high altitude, so give yourself time to acclimate. Avoid heavy meals and alcohol during your first day.

• Safety: The square is generally safe, especially during the day, but always keep an eye on your belongings.

• Best Hours: Mornings and late afternoons are the best times to take photos, with beautiful lighting and fewer crowds.

• Photography: Sunrise and sunset offer ideal lighting for pictures. Do not miss the golden glow over the cathedral at dusk.

• Local Etiquette: If you take photos with people in traditional clothing, it is customary to give a small tip.

Where to Stay Near the Cusco Main Square

Staying near the square allows easy access to the city’s main attractions. Here are a few accommodation options:

• Luxury: JW Marriott El Convento Cusco Built inside a restored 16th-century convent, this hotel offers elegant rooms and world-class service.

• Mid-range: Tierra Viva Cusco Centro—A comfortable hotel just a short walk from the Main Square.

• Budget: Pariwana Hostel Cusco—A social and budget-friendly option with great amenities for backpackers.

Is the Cusco Main Square Worth Visiting?

Absolutely. Whether you are visiting for a few hours or staying for several days, the Cusco Main Square is a must-see. It is more than a landmark—it is the soul of the city. Every corner of the square tells a story. From the colonial façades to the Inca foundations beneath your feet, the Main Square is a living museum.

More than that, it is a place to breathe in the spirit of Cusco. Sit on a bench, watch the dancers during a festival, listen to street musicians, or simply enjoy the rhythm of daily life. This square will give you a real connection to the city.